🔊 Son or sont: the “étaient” and “mon” tricks to help your child choose with confidence

Should you write son or sont? Your child hesitates, rubs it out, rewrites it, then looks up at you, hoping you'll decide for them. That's perfectly normal: when spoken, both words sound exactly the same, so listening doesn't help. Only the meaning of the sentence can guide the choice.
The good news is there are two very simple replacement tests that even a CE1 or CE2 child can do in their head in just a couple of seconds: swap the word for “étaient”, or swap it for “mon”. Here’s how you can teach them these tricks this evening, with the most common pitfalls and a quick card game to help the habit stick.
Son and sont: same sound, two very different uses
The first step is to help your child understand that these two words have nothing in common except how they sound.
- son is a possessive determiner. It comes before a noun and shows who owns something: son cahier means it’s someone’s notebook, his or hers. It’s in the same family as mon, ton, sa and ses.
- sont is the verb être (to be) in the present tense for “ils” or “elles”: ils sont, elles sont. It always has a plural subject: les enfants sont, mes cousines sont, Léo et Nina sont.
In other words, son goes with a noun, while sont tells you what a plural subject is or does. In the sentence « Ses copains sont venus pour son anniversaire », both appear, each in its own place. If your child needs a refresher on what a determiner is before tackling homophones, our article on determiners explained for children covers the basics with a few examples.
The “étaient” test: spotting the verb sont
The first habit to build: if in doubt, try replacing the word with étaient (the same verb, but in the past tense). If the sentence still makes sense, it’s the verb, so you write sont.
- « Les volets sont fermés. » → « Les volets étaient fermés. » The sentence still works: write sont.
- « Mes chaussures sont trop petites. » → « Mes chaussures étaient trop petites. » Still sont.
- « Ils sont partis tôt. » → « Ils étaient partis tôt. » Again, it’s sont.
- « Il cherche son ballon. » → « Il cherche étaient ballon. » That doesn’t make sense: it’s not the verb.
Why “étaient” and not “était”? Because sont always goes with a plural subject, so you use the plural form. “Seront” (future tense) also works (« Les volets seront fermés »), but it’s best to give your child just one replacement word, always the same: that’s what makes it automatic.

The “mon” or “ton” test: spotting the possessive son
The second test, the mirror image of the first: swap the word for mon or ton. If the sentence still works—even if the meaning changes a little (the object now belongs to someone else)—it’s the possessive, so you write son.
- « Léa range son bureau. » → « Léa range mon bureau. » The sentence still works: write son.
- « Il a oublié son manteau. » → « Il a oublié ton manteau. » Still son.
- « Les poules sont dans le jardin. » → « Les poules mon dans le jardin. » Impossible: it’s not the possessive, it’s sont.
A detail that often reassures children: before a feminine noun starting with a vowel or silent h, you say son amie, son école, son histoire, not “sa amie”. The test still works: mon amie, ton école, mon histoire. No trick questions here.
And if your child thinks to try the plural, that’s a great extra check: son becomes ses (« son crayon » → « ses crayons »). Just watch out: this ses has a lookalike, ces, which you can tell apart with other tricks—see our article ces or ses: the “les siens” and “ces… -là” trick for details.
The summary chart to display near the desk
This quick recap fits on a single sheet. Copy it out with your child instead of printing it: writing it themselves already helps them remember.
| Word | What it is | The test | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| son | Possessive determiner, placed before a noun | You can say mon or ton | Il gonfle son vélo. |
| sont | Verb être in the present, with a plural subject | You can say étaient | Les vélos sont au garage. |
| le son | Common noun: a sound (or the husk of a cereal grain) | It comes before words like le, du, un… | J'aime le son du piano. |
The two tests check each other: at any given point in the sentence, only one of the two will work. If « étaient » fits, « mon » doesn't, and vice versa. If your child is unsure, they can try both and keep the one that makes sense.
Common tricky situations
The subject is far from the verb
« Les dessins que la maîtresse a affichés dans le couloir sont magnifiques. » Between « les dessins » and « sont », there's a whole chunk of sentence, so by the end, your child may have forgotten the start. The test solves it without even looking for the subject: « … étaient magnifiques » works, so you write sont.
The subject comes after the verb
In questions, or after « où », the subject moves behind the verb: « Où sont tes baskets ? », « Sont-ils déjà rentrés ? ». The test still works: « Où étaient tes baskets ? », « Étaient-ils déjà rentrés ? ». So sont is correct.
An adjective slips between son and the noun
« Il promène son petit chien. » The possessive isn't right next to the noun, which can confuse a child looking for the noun straight after. The « mon » test works easily: « Il promène mon petit chien. » So it's son.
Son… as a noun
« Le son de la cloche », « baisser le son de la télévision », « du pain au son »: here, son is a common noun, and comes after a small word like le, du or au. No need to make a big lesson of it; your child just needs to know this third son exists, so they're not thrown when they see it in a reading.
A ten-minute card game at breakfast
The rule is easy to understand in one evening; building the habit comes with small repetitions. Here’s a game that only needs two bits of card, and fits nicely between spoonfuls of cereal.
- Make two cards. On one, your child writes SON in big letters, with « mon » underneath in small. On the other, SONT, with « étaient » underneath. The cards carry the test with them.
- You say a sentence out loud, without showing it: « Mes grands-parents sont en vacances », « Elle a perdu son bonnet »…
- Your child holds up the right card and explains using the test: « Mes grands-parents étaient en vacances, so it’s SONT. »
- Swap roles: your child invents the sentences, and you answer. Make mistakes on purpose sometimes—they’ll love correcting you, and have to explain why.
Five or six sentences are enough. Here’s a ready-made set, with answers:
- « Les gâteaux sont dans le four. » → sont (étaient)
- « Tom a retrouvé son doudou. » → son (mon)
- « Où sont passés les ciseaux ? » → sont (étaient)
- « Elle raconte son rêve à sa sœur. » → son (mon)
- « Mes cousins sont arrivés hier soir. » → sont (étaient)
- « Son équipe et la nôtre sont à égalité. » → son (mon), then sont (étaient)
After son and sont: other homophones to practise
The replacement method works for most grammatical homophones. Once your child has understood it with son and sont, they can use it elsewhere:
- a / à: replace with « avait », as explained in our article on the trick for choosing between a and à;
- ces / ses: look for « les siens » or add « -là », two tests detailed in the article above;
- et / est: replace with « et puis » or « était ».
By the end of primary school, all these pairs get mixed up in dictations: our guide to homophones grammaticaux au CM2 gathers them all in one place. For extra practice, try our printable CE2 exercises, and if your child learns better with pictures and short phrases, our illustrated Memory Tricks use the same idea: a short tip, easy to remember on dictation day.
Give yourself a week of short sessions. You’ll soon hear your child muttering « étaient… non, mon » over their work—that’s exactly the sign the habit is taking hold.
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Your questions
In which class do children learn the difference between son and sont?
Most often in CE1 or CE2, when children discover the verb être in the present tense and possessive determiners. The difference is then reviewed and reused regularly up to CM2, especially in dictations.
Why replace with « étaient » and not « était »?
Because sont is always used with a plural subject, like ils or elles. You need to replace it with a plural form so the sentence stays correct. « Seront » also works, but sticking to one replacement word helps your child make it automatic.
My child knows the rule but still makes mistakes in dictations—what can I do?
This is very common: knowing the rule and applying it when writing quickly are two different things. The most effective way is targeted checking, where your child circles every son and sont and does the test for each. With a few weeks of practice, checking becomes automatic.
Can you use 'son' before a feminine noun?
Yes, you can use son before a feminine noun that starts with a vowel or a silent h: son amie, son école, son histoire. This is for pronunciation reasons, to avoid saying sa amie. The same rule applies when replacing with mon: mon amie, mon école.


